3PL vs 4PL: The Definitive Guide to Choosing Your Logistics Partner

Louise
October 31, 2024
-
5
minutes of reading
3pl and 4pl a complete guide

Are you overwhelmed by acronyms? 3PL, 4PL... these terms seem interchangeable, but they hide worlds of difference. Choosing the wrong logistics partner can hinder your growth, cause your costs to explode, and turn your supply chain into a nightmare.

Even more critical: according to our Claisy data, 73% of parcel insurance disputes stem from poor coordination between the various players in the supply chain. The choice between 3PL and 4PL has a direct impact on your transport insurance costs and your ability to obtain rapid compensation.

It's over.

This article is not a simple definition. It's the ultimate guide to distinguishing, once and for all, between a 3PL and a 4PL. By the end of your reading, you'll know not only the fundamental difference, but also which of the two will optimize your parcel insurance costs and secure your shipments.

3PL (Third Party Logistics): Your Operational Arm

Think of a 3PL as an ultra-efficient expert to whom you entrust the physical execution of your logistics. They take your orders and execute them perfectly. The 3PL is hands-on, hands-on. They have the tools to get the job done.

Concretely, what does a 3PL do?

  • Storage: We store your products in our own warehouses.
  • Order preparation (Picking & Packing ): prepares parcels for your customers
  • Transport: handles the shipment of your parcels, often using its own fleet of vehicles or pre-negotiated contracts.
  • Returns management: Receives and processes products returned by customers

The critical point for insurance: Since the 3PL owns the infrastructure and is directly responsible for operations, claims management is simplified. A single point of contact, a clear chain of responsibility. In our experience, claims involving a single 3PL are settled 40% faster.

The 3PL is all about "DOING". You give him a list of tasks, and he carries them out. The relationship is transactional: you pay for a clearly defined service.

4PL (Fourth Party Logistics): Your Strategic Brain

Now, imagine a 4PL not as an armed arm, but as the brain that controls the whole operation. The 4PL doesn't usually own warehouses or trucks. His asset is his intelligence, his global vision and his expertise in optimization.

The 4PL is your single point of contact who designs and manages your entire supply chain. They act like an architect, a conductor.

Concretely, what does a 4PL do?

  • Audit and Design: We analyze your current supply chain and redesign it to make it more efficient and less costly.
  • Partner selection: Selects the best service providers (including several 3PLs, carriers, customs...) for each link in the chain.
  • Steering and Coordination: orchestrates all these partners so that they work in perfect harmony
  • Technology and Analysis: It integrates technological tools to give you total visibility and continuously analyzes data.

The insurance challenge: with a 4PL, you multiply the number of players involved, and therefore the potential areas of friction. Each link (warehouse, transport, handling) may have its own insurance policy, creating "holes in the racket". That's why 67% of our 4PL customers opt for our global coverage rather than fragmented ad valorem insurance.

The 4PL is the "THINKER" and the "PILOT". You give them a strategic objective, and they set up the entire ecosystem to achieve it. The relationship is a strategic partnership.

Face-to-Face: The Comparison Chart That Changes Everything

Comparison: 3PL vs. 4PL logistics
Criteria 3PL (Third-Party Logistics) 4PL (Fourth-Party Logistics)
🎯Main role Operational execution Strategic orchestration
🏢Infrastructure Warehouses and clean vehicles Partner network
👥Point of contact Multiple (per department) Unique (conductor)
💰Investment Service contracts Strategic partnership
Flexibility Limited to own capacities High (modular network)
🕹️Operational control Direct Indirect via coordination
💸Typical cost 8-15% of logistics sales 3-8% + partner costs

Impact on Parcel Insurance: The Critical Difference

Claims management: 3PL vs. 4PL
Aspect 3PL (Third-Party Logistics) 4PL (Fourth-Party Logistics)
⚖️Responsibility Clear and direct Divided among partners
📂Claims management A single point of contact Multi-stakeholder coordination required
⏱️Compensation period 48-72h on average 5-15 days depending on complexity
📉Loss ratio 0.8% (controlled infrastructure) 1.2% (multiplicity of risks)
💰Recommended insurance cost 0.80% (standard coverage) 1.1% (extended coverage)

The Impact of Field Data: What Our Customer Base Reveals

At Claisy, we have analyzed over 50,000 parcel insurance cases involving 3PLs and 4PLs. Here's what the figures reveal:

Breakdown of claims by type of service provider

  • 3PL: 67% warehouse breakage/theft, 33% transport
  • 4PL: 23% warehouse breakage/theft, 45% transport, 32% chain breakage (coordination)

Average insurance costs

  • With 3PL: 0.8% of dispatched value
  • With 4PL: 1.1% of dispatched value (gap coverage)

Claims settlement times

  • 3PL: 58h on average (clear responsibility)
  • 4PL: 12 days on average (multi-partner surveys)

Verdict: 3PL or 4PL for MY Business?

It's not a question of who's best, but who's best for you, today.

3PL or 4PL: Which solution is right for you?
📦 Choose a 3PL if :
  • Your shipping volume is predictable (>1000 parcels/month)
  • You prefer simplicity and speed of claims settlement
  • Optimize your insurance budget
  • You need direct control over operations
orchestrate Opt for a 4PL if :
  • Your business requires a multi-country/multi-channel approach
  • You lack in-house logistics expertise
  • Your volumes fluctuate sharply with the seasons
  • You accept an insurance premium for maximum flexibility

L'Enjeu Assurance: The Often-Forgotten Decisive Factor

Mistake n°1: Neglecting the impact of the 3PL/4PL choice on your insurance costs. A 2% saving on transport can turn into a 40% surcharge on insurance.

Mistake no. 2: Accepting carriers' ad valorem insurance (2.5% on average) without exploring technological alternatives such as Claisy (0.75% with coverage up to €100,000).

The Claisy Solution: Whatever your choice (3PL or 4PL), our platform integrates into your CMS in 5 minutes and covers all your partner carriers with a single contract. No more fragmented insurance policies or lengthy claims settlements.

Conclusion: Your strategic decision

To sum it up in one unforgettable sentence: the 3PL executes specific logistics operations with its own resources, while the 4PL manages, optimizes and coordinates the entire supply chain by relying on a network of partners, thus offering complete and strategic outsourcing.

But the real difference? The impact on your risk management and transport insurance costs. An informed choice today will save you thousands of euros and dozens of hours of litigation tomorrow.

You'll never look at these two acronyms the same way again. Now you have the power to make the strategic choice that will propel your business forward.

❓ FAQ : Your Essential Questions about 3PL vs 4PL

💰How much does a 3PL vs. a 4PL really cost?

3PL: 8-15% of your logistics sales, all-inclusive (storage, preparation, transport). Predictable, transparent costs.

4PL: 3-8% steering fee + costs of selected service providers. Total budget often 15-25% higher, but with maximum flexibility. In our customer experience, ROI is justified from 50,000 parcels/year with complex flows.

⚖️Who is liable in the event of damage to a 4PL?

The 4PL coordinates but does not bear operational responsibility. In the event of breakage or theft, you need to identify the faulty link (warehouse, transport...) to activate the right insurance. That's why 67% of our 4PL customers opt for our comprehensive coverage: a single contract, a single point of contact, even with 10 different service providers.

🚚Is Carrier insurance enough with a 3PL?

No, and here's why: carriers' ad valorem insurance only covers the transport phase. With a 3PL, 67% of claims occur in the warehouse (our data). Limited Limits (€2,000-5,000) and high deductibles make such insurance inadequate.

📈At what volume should I choose a 4PL over a 3PL?

The critical threshold: 1000+ parcels/month with at least 2 of these criteria:

  • Multi-country shipments (>3 destinations)
  • High seasonality (x3 between high and low season)
  • Products requiring specialized expertise (fresh, luxury, etc.)
  • Growth >50%/year requiring rapid scalability

Below this level, a 3PL will be more efficient and economical.

🔍How to avoid "coverage holes" with a 4PL?

The risk: Each service provider in the 4PL network has its own insurance, creating areas of non-coverage at the interfaces.

The solution: Demand precise liability mapping and opt for comprehensive parcel insurance that covers all links. At Claisy, we automatically map your 4PL chain to identify these gaps.

🔄Is it possible to switch from a 3PL to a 4PL during the course of your business?

Yes, but with method: allow 3-6 months for transition. The 4PL audits your current 3PL and may even retain it as a partner. The advantage: you retain operational stability while adding strategic vision. 73% of our customers have made this transition successfully.

🌍3PL or 4PL for international expansion?

4PL without hesitation for international business. A French 3PL doesn't have a handle on Australian customs or UK delivery constraints. The 4PL selects the local experts and orchestrates everything. With Claisy, your parcel insurance automatically follows, even in new markets.

📊How do I measure my logistics provider's performance?

Key KPIs :

  • Loss ratio : <1% (benchmark Claisy)
  • Delivery time: 95%+ of commitments met
  • Claims settlement time : <72h (notre standard)
  • Total cost: Transport + insurance + management

A good provider gives you access to these metrics in real time. If not, it's a red flag.

Ready to optimize your parcel insurance?

Find out how Claisy is transforming transport risk management, whether you work with a 3PL or a 4PL.

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Collaborative tool

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